11/29/2023 0 Comments Jing li wu xian pills![]() ![]() In contrast, mTORC2 is involved in Akt phosphorylation and regulation of the cellular cytoskeleton ( Bhaskar and Hay, 2007). The mTORC1 complex integrates different extracellular and intracellular signal inputs, such as growth factors, amino acids, stress and energy status, to regulate cellular processes such as protein and lipid synthesis and autophagy, by phosphorylating and activating p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) ( Chung et al., 1992 Price et al., 1992) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) ( Lin et al., 1995 von Manteuffel et al., 1996). These two complexes differ in their sensitivity to rapamycin, upstream signals and downstream outputs ( Laplante and Sabatini, 2012). Among the remaining components, PRAS40 are specific to mTORC1, whereas rictor, mSin1 protor1/2 are unique to mTORC2 ( Laplante and Sabatini, 2012). The two complexes share several common subunits, including the catalytic mTOR subunit, mLST8, DEPTOR, and the Tti1/Tel2 complex ( Laplante and Sabatini, 2012). mTOR independently associates with raptor or rictor to form two distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, respectively. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays an essential role in sensing a myriad of environmental cues including nutrients and growth factor stimulation to regulate cell growth and proliferation ( Wullschleger et al., 2006).
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